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Cornell Program on Applied Demographics

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Total Population

2000	19,001,780
2001	19,082,838
2002	19,137,800
2003	19,175,939
2004	19,171,567
2005	19,132,610
2006	19,104,631
2007	19,132,335
2008	19,212,436
2009	19,307,066
2010	19,420,428
2011	19,602,281
2012	19,758,609
2013	19,892,623
2014	20,001,453
2015	20,087,231
2016	20,148,189
2017	20,187,534
2018	20,219,671
2019	20,220,591
2020	20,104,710
2021	19,854,526
2022	19,673,200
2023	19,571,216

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Group Quarters Population

2000	586,073
2001	594,963
2002	597,341
2003	600,361
2004	604,140
2005	603,434
2006	605,157
2007	609,360
2008	608,975
2009	605,824
2010	585,694
2011	584,193
2012	582,385
2013	579,264
2014	578,067
2015	575,123
2016	573,288
2017	572,936
2018	571,064
2019	564,400
2020	576,054
2021	610,499
2022	613,035
2023	616,970

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Change in population

Population by race

White Non-Hispanic

2000	11,865,298
2001	11,838,581
2002	11,794,878
2003	11,749,298
2004	11,684,648
2005	11,594,170
2006	11,508,250
2007	11,452,811
2008	11,414,142
2009	11,377,422
2010	11,338,460
2011	11,312,725
2012	11,277,237
2013	11,231,179
2014	11,172,742
2015	11,098,733
2016	11,016,848
2017	10,937,281
2018	10,858,948
2019	10,766,164
2020	10,641,569

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Black Non-Hispanic

2000	2,894,948
2001	2,895,442
2002	2,892,238
2003	2,884,520
2004	2,868,550
2005	2,847,435
2006	2,827,470
2007	2,811,198
2008	2,808,817
2009	2,816,025
2010	2,829,138
2011	2,842,649
2012	2,850,334
2013	2,857,634
2014	2,858,580
2015	2,855,692
2016	2,847,019
2017	2,834,314
2018	2,819,511
2019	2,804,140
2020	2,786,323

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

American Indian Non-Hispanic

2000	57,271
2001	57,553
2002	57,710
2003	57,725
2004	57,379
2005	57,205
2006	56,827
2007	56,454
2008	56,392
2009	56,460
2010	56,629
2011	56,948
2012	57,329
2013	57,703
2014	57,902
2015	58,050
2016	58,087
2017	58,106
2018	58,124
2019	57,994
2020	57,742

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Asian Non-Hispanic

2000	1,096,874
2001	1,136,670
2002	1,174,513
2003	1,209,354
2004	1,239,946
2005	1,271,188
2006	1,303,452
2007	1,340,080
2008	1,380,757
2009	1,418,738
2010	1,454,851
2011	1,495,034
2012	1,533,809
2013	1,568,438
2014	1,606,974
2015	1,644,469
2016	1,678,617
2017	1,703,714
2018	1,720,035
2019	1,734,486
2020	1,741,539

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Hispanic

2000	2,894,316
2001	2,952,390
2002	3,007,143
2003	3,054,405
2004	3,092,293
2005	3,125,400
2006	3,162,942
2007	3,216,035
2008	3,284,992
2009	3,359,065
2010	3,430,708
2011	3,492,492
2012	3,546,602
2013	3,593,281
2014	3,630,105
2015	3,664,508
2016	3,691,992
2017	3,709,063
2018	3,728,743
2019	3,734,867
2020	3,738,921

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Percentages

Population by age

Median age

2000	35.9
2001	36.2
2002	36.5
2003	36.7
2004	36.9
2005	37.1
2006	37.3
2007	37.6
2008	37.7
2009	37.9
2010	38.0
2011	38.1
2012	38.1
2013	38.3
2014	38.4
2015	38.5
2016	38.6
2017	38.8
2018	39.0
2019	39.2
2020	39.4

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Population age 5-17

2000	3,450,296
2001	3,450,414
2002	3,440,011
2003	3,415,052
2004	3,376,367
2005	3,333,711
2006	3,296,780
2007	3,253,928
2008	3,212,931
2009	3,185,583
2010	3,160,083
2011	3,125,818
2012	3,092,132
2013	3,061,114
2014	3,027,107
2015	3,002,956
2016	2,982,433
2017	2,957,965
2018	2,929,923
2019	2,902,357
2020	2,880,029

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Population age 25-44

2000	5,823,214
2001	5,775,563
2002	5,719,243
2003	5,659,284
2004	5,583,555
2005	5,492,496
2006	5,417,603
2007	5,357,444
2008	5,324,739
2009	5,290,037
2010	5,269,534
2011	5,280,427
2012	5,294,451
2013	5,308,119
2014	5,312,065
2015	5,309,722
2016	5,304,315
2017	5,300,174
2018	5,304,770
2019	5,300,846
2020	5,268,761

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Population age 45-64

2000	4,266,829
2001	4,369,601
2002	4,476,525
2003	4,579,114
2004	4,677,744
2005	4,775,770
2006	4,868,009
2007	4,947,666
2008	5,019,433
2009	5,113,791
2010	5,198,216
2011	5,259,490
2012	5,256,215
2013	5,260,300
2014	5,260,128
2015	5,262,294
2016	5,245,061
2017	5,204,066
2018	5,144,786
2019	5,070,240
2020	4,988,207

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Population age 65 and older

2000	2,453,462
2001	2,462,827
2002	2,472,398
2003	2,480,995
2004	2,488,224
2005	2,494,128
2006	2,492,228
2007	2,517,548
2008	2,559,269
2009	2,592,210
2010	2,628,848
2011	2,671,884
2012	2,767,575
2013	2,844,860
2014	2,923,594
2015	2,998,172
2016	3,073,002
2017	3,148,181
2018	3,224,727
2019	3,301,115
2020	3,369,569

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Population age 85 and older

2000	313,805
2001	317,724
2002	321,897
2003	328,260
2004	332,146
2005	342,699
2006	352,557
2007	363,066
2008	372,816
2009	383,345
2010	394,461
2011	404,661
2012	416,328
2013	424,706
2014	433,926
2015	442,393
2016	449,956
2017	454,986
2018	458,375
2019	460,326
2020	460,519

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Age Dependency ratios

Estimated Components of Change (Natural Increase)

Births

2000	255,044
2001	256,446
2002	251,987
2003	252,301
2004	252,899
2005	247,192
2006	245,932
2007	253,150
2008	252,435
2009	247,469
2010	245,616
2011	243,117
2012	239,907
2013	239,882
2014	237,033
2015	239,348
2016	235,792
2017	231,207
2018	229,316
2019	223,378
2020	217,322
2021	205,414
2022	210,106
2023	207,450

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Deaths

2000	148,256
2001	157,292
2002	158,630
2003	156,009
2004	154,749
2005	152,918
2006	146,725
2007	149,018
2008	148,375
2009	154,409
2010	140,460
2011	149,781
2012	146,887
2013	152,565
2014	148,863
2015	153,901
2016	151,604
2017	155,117
2018	156,755
2019	162,158
2020	207,435
2021	177,088
2022	176,382
2023	165,914

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Natural Increase (Births - Deaths)

2000	106,788
2001	99,154
2002	93,357
2003	96,292
2004	98,150
2005	94,274
2006	99,207
2007	104,132
2008	104,060
2009	93,060
2010	105,156
2011	93,336
2012	93,020
2013	87,317
2014	88,170
2015	85,447
2016	84,188
2017	76,090
2018	72,561
2019	61,220
2020	9,888
2021	28,326
2022	33,724
2023	41,536

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Rates

Estimated Components of Change (Migration)

Domestic Migration

2000	-150,448
2001	-165,566
2002	-176,057
2003	-178,262
2004	-213,794
2005	-246,933
2006	-245,277
2007	-183,585
2008	-131,085
2009	-98,886
2010	-90,612
2011	-80,685
2012	-108,325
2013	-112,510
2014	-145,557
2015	-166,054
2016	-194,135
2017	-188,058
2018	-180,043
2019	-183,857
2020	-227,642
2021	-295,159
2022	-298,341
2023	-216,778

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

International Migration

2000	123,552
2001	120,585
2002	109,272
2003	90,173
2004	81,886
2005	81,991
2006	84,261
2007	75,013
2008	72,070
2009	63,634
2010	76,100
2011	87,332
2012	90,304
2013	78,010
2014	84,452
2015	84,301
2016	88,805
2017	69,336
2018	57,774
2019	41,869
2020	21,547
2021	28,769
2022	77,285
2023	73,867

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Net Migration

2000	-26,896
2001	-44,981
2002	-66,785
2003	-88,089
2004	-131,908
2005	-164,942
2006	-161,016
2007	-108,572
2008	-59,015
2009	-35,252
2010	-14,512
2011	6,647
2012	-18,021
2013	-34,500
2014	-61,105
2015	-81,753
2016	-105,330
2017	-118,722
2018	-122,269
2019	-141,988
2020	-206,095
2021	-266,390
2022	-221,056
2023	-142,911

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Rates

Housing Unit Estimates

Housing Units

2000	7,691,095
2001	7,735,648
2002	7,781,161
2003	7,828,631
2004	7,870,881
2005	7,916,683
2006	7,970,267
2007	8,015,248
2008	8,059,465
2009	8,101,349
2010	8,115,494
2011	8,143,563
2012	8,170,562
2013	8,194,675
2014	8,220,297
2015	8,244,474
2016	8,283,133
2017	8,322,887
2018	8,363,934

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Building permits (buildings)

1990	28,113
1991	25,339
1992	26,726
1993	24,640
1994	24,168
1995	21,703
1996	22,651
1997	21,684
1998	25,329
1999	27,966
2000	27,539
2001	28,110
2002	29,974
2003	28,912
2004	29,519
2005	30,461
2006	24,890
2007	21,025
2008	15,208
2009	10,678
2010	11,104
2011	9,782
2012	10,558
2013	11,641
2014	12,054
2015	12,462
2016	11,968
2017	12,171
2018	11,669

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Building permits (units)

1990	36,637
1991	30,632
1992	31,804
1993	30,473
1994	31,147
1995	28,074
1996	34,914
1997	32,898
1998	38,439
1999	42,619
2000	44,167
2001	45,731
2002	49,280
2003	49,708
2004	53,497
2005	61,949
2006	54,382
2007	54,059
2008	51,637
2009	18,344
2010	19,568
2011	22,575
2012	24,872
2013	32,581
2014	36,286
2015	74,611
2016	33,711
2017	39,350
2018	37,778

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Change

Labor market

Jobs

2000	10,424,602
2001	10,438,575
2002	10,352,848
2003	10,381,362
2004	10,527,094
2005	10,662,975
2006	10,821,150
2007	11,095,423
2008	11,215,947
2009	11,011,154
2010	11,005,742
2011	11,294,064
2012	11,432,840
2013	11,619,137
2014	11,865,518
2015	12,099,185
2016	12,259,144
2017	12,389,041
2018	12,651,360
2019	12,873,579

Source: BEA

Average wages

2000	$44,660
2001	$46,043
2002	$45,591
2003	$46,551
2004	$49,131
2005	$51,155
2006	$54,610
2007	$58,424
2008	$59,246
2009	$56,789
2010	$66,609
2011	$67,555
2012	$69,826
2013	$70,518
2014	$71,559
2015	$72,678
2016	$74,061
2017	$77,624
2018	$79,756
2019	$81,791

Source: BEA

Per Capita Personal Income

2000	$35,924
2001	$37,185
2002	$37,096
2003	$37,755
2004	$39,622
2005	$41,457
2006	$44,448
2007	$47,467
2008	$48,296
2009	$46,916
2010	$48,973
2011	$51,496
2012	$53,986
2013	$54,501
2014	$56,758
2015	$59,243
2016	$61,401
2017	$65,814
2018	$68,657
2019	$71,717

Source: BEA

Unemployment rate

2000	4.5%
2001	4.9%
2002	6.2%
2003	6.4%
2004	5.8%
2005	5.0%
2006	4.5%
2007	4.4%
2008	5.4%
2009	8.4%
2010	8.7%
2011	8.3%
2012	8.6%
2013	7.8%
2014	6.3%
2015	5.2%
2016	4.9%
2017	4.6%
2018	4.1%
2019	3.8%
2020	10.0%

Source: BLS

Labor force details

Poverty

Estimated percent of people of all ages in poverty

2000	13.2%
2001	13.7%
2002	13.9%
2003	14.3%
2004	14.5%
2005	13.9%
2006	14.2%
2007	13.8%
2008	13.7%
2009	14.2%
2010	15.0%
2011	16.1%
2012	15.9%
2013	16.0%
2014	16.0%
2015	15.5%
2016	14.8%
2017	14.1%
2018	13.7%
2019	13.1%

Source: Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates

Estimated percent of people age 0-17 in poverty

2000	19.1%
2001	19.5%
2002	20.2%
2003	20.2%
2004	20.8%
2005	19.7%
2006	20.1%
2007	19.6%
2008	19.3%
2009	20.2%
2010	21.5%
2011	22.8%
2012	23.0%
2013	22.9%
2014	22.9%
2015	22.3%
2016	20.8%
2017	19.9%
2018	18.8%
2019	18.2%

Source: Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates

Counts

Domestic migration (based on matched tax returns)

Domestic in migrants

1990	191,970
1991	180,394
1992	171,325
1993	170,669
1994	169,257
1995	172,725
1996	165,557
1997	171,429
1998	182,005
1999	193,767
2000	198,632
2001	204,325
2002	205,643
2003	204,353
2004	196,177
2005	205,459
2006	213,603
2007	217,874
2008	240,394
2009	236,645
2010	219,994
2011	232,431
2012	264,501
2013	260,441

Source: IRS

Domestic out migrants

1990	335,617
1991	319,107
1992	316,029
1993	309,049
1994	321,025
1995	338,206
1996	328,481
1997	337,516
1998	325,884
1999	317,655
2000	320,591
2001	327,754
2002	335,071
2003	331,213
2004	356,045
2005	385,375
2006	383,235
2007	355,923
2008	339,191
2009	307,214
2010	287,828
2011	300,555
2012	356,801
2013	372,677

Source: IRS

Net domestic migrants

1990	-143,647
1991	-138,713
1992	-144,704
1993	-138,380
1994	-151,768
1995	-165,481
1996	-162,924
1997	-166,087
1998	-143,879
1999	-123,888
2000	-121,959
2001	-123,429
2002	-129,428
2003	-126,860
2004	-159,868
2005	-179,916
2006	-169,632
2007	-138,049
2008	-98,797
2009	-70,569
2010	-67,834
2011	-68,124
2012	-92,300
2013	-112,236